Growing Manual for Anthurium

Introduction:

Anthuriums, known for their striking, heart-shaped blooms, are popular ornamental plants. This manual provides comprehensive guidelines for successful Anthurium cultivation, from propagation to post-harvest handling. Anthuriums are not typically considered epiphytes. They are more commonly found as terrestrial or lithophytic plants, meaning they grow in soil or on rocks.

While some Anthurium species may be able to grow on trees or other plants in a semi-epiphytic manner, they do not have the same specialized adaptations for epiphytic growth as plants like orchids, bromeliads, or certain ferns. Epiphytic plants have specific structures and adaptations, such as aerial roots, to anchor themselves to trees and absorb moisture and nutrients from the air and rain.

Therefore, while Anthuriums can adapt to a variety of growing conditions, including some situations that might resemble epiphytic growth, they are not classified as true epiphytes in the botanical sense.

Botanical Information:

• Scientific Name: Anthurium andraeanum
• Family: Araceae
• Common Names: Flamingo Flower, Tailflower, Painter’s Palette
• Origin: Central and South America
• Growth Type: Herbaceous perennial

Climate and Growing Conditions:

• Hardiness Zones: Anthuriums are typically grown as indoor plants, but thrive in USDA zones 10-12 if planted outdoors.
• Temperature: Ideal daytime temperatures range from 70-80°F (21-27°C) with nighttime temperatures no lower than 60°F (15°C).
• Light: Indirect, bright light. Avoid direct sunlight which can scorch leaves.
• Humidity: Prefers high humidity levels.

Soil and Substrate:

• Organic Media Specification:
  • Water Holding Capacity: Determined by the weight difference before and after saturating a known volume of substrate.
  • Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC): Assessed using a standard soil test method with ammonium acetate extraction.
  • Air Porosity: Calculated by filling a container with substrate and measuring the volume of water that drains out.
  • pH Level: 5.5-6.5
  • Texture: Very well-draining, loose, and rich in organic matter.
  • Substrate: A mixture of orchid bark, perlite, and coir is recommended for optimal aeration and moisture retention.

Propagation:

• Methods: Division of established plants or stem cuttings.
• Timing: Spring or early summer is the best time for propagation.
• Propagation Medium: Use a well-draining mix of perlite and peat moss for cuttings.

Planting:

• Pot Selection: Choose pots with good drainage holes to prevent waterlogged roots.
• Plant Depth: Plant the Anthurium at the same depth it was in its previous container.
• Spacing: If planting multiple Anthuriums, space them at least 12 inches apart.

Watering and Irrigation:

• Frequency: Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Allow excess water to drain out.
• Avoid Overwatering: Anthuriums are susceptible to root rot, so avoid waterlogged conditions.
• Misting: Provide occasional misting to increase humidity.

Fertilization:

• Timing: Apply a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring to early fall).
• Nutrient Composition: Balanced NPK ratio with micronutrients.
• Avoid Over-Fertilization: Too much fertilizer can lead to salt buildup and damage the roots.

Pest and Disease Management:

• Monitor Regularly: Check plants for signs of pests (e.g., spider mites, aphids) and diseases (e.g., powdery mildew).
• Natural Predators: Encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs.
• Organic Pest Control: Use insecticidal soap or neem oil for minor pest issues.

Lighting:

• Natural Light: Provide bright, indirect sunlight. Artificial grow lights can supplement insufficient natural light.

Temperature and Humidity:

• Stable Environment: Maintain a consistent temperature and humidity level. Avoid sudden temperature fluctuations.

Air Circulation:

• Fan Use: Provide gentle air circulation to prevent stagnant air and discourage mold growth.

Pruning and Maintenance:

• Remove Dead or Yellowing Leaves: Regularly remove damaged or spent foliage to encourage new growth.
• Prune Spent Flowers: Trim away spent blooms to redirect energy towards new growth.

Harvesting (Flower Production):

• Timing: Harvest mature flowers with vibrant colors and unblemished petals.
• Cutting Technique: Use clean, sharp shears to make a diagonal cut just above a leaf node.

Post-harvest Handling:

• Remove Foliage Below Water Line: Trim any leaves that will be submerged in water to prevent bacterial growth.
• Water Conditioning: Dip stems in warm water with floral preservative.
• Storage: Store in a cool, dark place with good air circulation.

Common Issues and Troubleshooting:

• Yellowing Leaves: Can indicate overwatering or nutrient deficiency. Adjust watering and fertilization.
• Pest Infestations: Treat promptly with organic pest control methods.
• Root Rot: Ensure proper drainage and adjust watering practices.